Consortia of Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Isolated from Halophytes Improve the Response of Swiss Chard to Soil Salinization

Inadequate fertilization or the indiscriminate use of water with high salt concentrations have led to salinization agricultural soils. In this context, biofertilization plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is an environmentally benign strategy stimulate plant growth, even under stress. Thus, we studied isolated PGPR consortia from halophytes enhance Swiss chard growth saline conditions. Growth, photosynthetic apparatus response, nutrient status, pigment concentrations, and secondary metabolites antioxidant activity were determined in plants grown at 0 85 mmol L?1 NaCl. general, inoculation has been shown be effective improve its tolerance Inoculated watered NaCl showed higher values leaf dry weight than control plants. Furthermore, reduced electrolyte leakage Na+ uptake improved chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, carotenoid stomatal conductance, capacity chard. Finally, our findings highlight potential counterbalance deleterious effect salinity crop growth.